Drivers of change in ecosystems and their services

The changes in ecosystem goods and services that result from land-use change feed back on the drivers of land-use change. A restricted set of dominant pathways of land-use change is identified. Changes in Ecosystem Services and Their Drivers across the Scenarios Coordinating Lead Authors: Joseph Alcamo, Detlef van Vuuren, Wolfgang Cramer Lead Authors: Jacqueline Alder, Elena Bennett, Stephen Carpenter, Villy Christensen, Jonathan Foley, Michael Maerker, Toshihiko Masui, Tsuneyuki Morita,* Brian O’Neill, Garry Peterson, Claudia Ringler, Mark. Multiple, interacting drivers cause changes in ecosystem services. There are functional interdependencies between and among the indirect and direct drivers of change, and, in turn, changes in ecological services lead to feed-backs on the drivers of changes in ecological services. Synergetic driver com-binations are very common.

Five major indirect drivers that influence ecosystems and ecosystem services are: Population change: This includes population growth and migration. World population has doubled in the past forty years, Change in Economic activity: Global economic activity has increased nearly seven-fold in the. Multiple, interacting drivers cause changes in ecosystem services. There are functional interdependencies between and among the indirect and direct drivers of change, and, in turn, changes in ecological services lead to feed-backs on the drivers of changes in ecological services. Synergetic driver com-binations are very common. changes in terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments are interrelated and often lead to changes in biogeochemical cycles, pollution of ecosystems and eutrophication, and biological invasions, which are at the same time significant direct drivers of change in the region (well established). The expansion and intensification of.

Human-caused drivers of environmental change mean that most ecosystems are in crisis or There is growing evidence that biodiversity loss has at least as. However, not all trade grows—that is, the requirements per unit of economic ac- flows are equal in their effects on growth. Dollar and Col- tivity rise for some. In ad- dition, while substantial population aging is expected in all regions during the century, there will be strong differences. Page 6. Ecosystems and.